Jaundice

This is a common condition, affecting approximately 60% of full-term babies and up to 80% of preterm babies (born before 37 weeks). Only about 5% of affected babies require treatment.

In most cases, jaundice causes a yellow discolouration of the baby’s skin and eyes. Everyone has bilirubin in their bloodstream; it is a yellow pigment produced when red blood cells are broken down.

During pregnancy, the mother’s liver processes and removes this pigment from the baby’s system. After birth, the baby’s own liver must take over this function. Often, the liver is not yet mature enough, allowing bilirubin to build up and resulting in the yellow colouring. As the baby’s liver matures and feeding volumes increase, the pigment is eliminated through the digestive system.

To assist with this process, breastfed babies should be fed at least 8 to 12 times in a 24-hour period. Formula-fed babies should receive at least 30 to 60 ml per feed every two to three hours.

Treatment:

Phototherapy:
Babies are placed on a special bed under blue-spectrum lights, wearing only a nappy and protective eye goggles. Treatment is often required for around 24 hours but may continue for longer if bilirubin levels remain high. Bilirubin levels are monitored by medical staff or, if treatment is provided at home, by the sister.

Conclusion:

Jaundice affects many newborns and, in most cases, does not cause complications. However, it must be monitored carefully and treated when necessary.